653 lines
24 KiB
Python
653 lines
24 KiB
Python
from __future__ import annotations
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import functools
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import json
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import typing as t
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from io import BytesIO
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from .._internal import _wsgi_decoding_dance
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from ..datastructures import CombinedMultiDict
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from ..datastructures import EnvironHeaders
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from ..datastructures import FileStorage
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from ..datastructures import ImmutableMultiDict
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from ..datastructures import iter_multi_items
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from ..datastructures import MultiDict
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from ..exceptions import BadRequest
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from ..exceptions import UnsupportedMediaType
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from ..formparser import default_stream_factory
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from ..formparser import FormDataParser
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from ..sansio.request import Request as _SansIORequest
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from ..utils import cached_property
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from ..utils import environ_property
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from ..wsgi import _get_server
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from ..wsgi import get_input_stream
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if t.TYPE_CHECKING:
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from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIApplication
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from _typeshed.wsgi import WSGIEnvironment
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class Request(_SansIORequest):
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"""Represents an incoming WSGI HTTP request, with headers and body
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taken from the WSGI environment. Has properties and methods for
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using the functionality defined by various HTTP specs. The data in
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requests object is read-only.
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Text data is assumed to use UTF-8 encoding, which should be true for
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the vast majority of modern clients. Using an encoding set by the
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client is unsafe in Python due to extra encodings it provides, such
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as ``zip``. To change the assumed encoding, subclass and replace
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:attr:`charset`.
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:param environ: The WSGI environ is generated by the WSGI server and
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contains information about the server configuration and client
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request.
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:param populate_request: Add this request object to the WSGI environ
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as ``environ['werkzeug.request']``. Can be useful when
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debugging.
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:param shallow: Makes reading from :attr:`stream` (and any method
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that would read from it) raise a :exc:`RuntimeError`. Useful to
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prevent consuming the form data in middleware, which would make
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it unavailable to the final application.
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.. versionchanged:: 2.1
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Old ``BaseRequest`` and mixin classes were removed.
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.. versionchanged:: 2.1
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Remove the ``disable_data_descriptor`` attribute.
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.. versionchanged:: 2.0
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Combine ``BaseRequest`` and mixins into a single ``Request``
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class.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.5
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Read-only mode is enforced with immutable classes for all data.
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"""
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#: the maximum content length. This is forwarded to the form data
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#: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`). When set and the
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#: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
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#: parsing fails because more than the specified value is transmitted
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#: a :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.5
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max_content_length: int | None = None
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#: the maximum form field size. This is forwarded to the form data
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#: parsing function (:func:`parse_form_data`). When set and the
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#: :attr:`form` or :attr:`files` attribute is accessed and the
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#: data in memory for post data is longer than the specified value a
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#: :exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.RequestEntityTooLarge` exception is raised.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 0.5
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max_form_memory_size: int | None = None
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#: The maximum number of multipart parts to parse, passed to
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#: :attr:`form_data_parser_class`. Parsing form data with more than this
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#: many parts will raise :exc:`~.RequestEntityTooLarge`.
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#:
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#: .. versionadded:: 2.2.3
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max_form_parts = 1000
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#: The form data parser that should be used. Can be replaced to customize
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#: the form date parsing.
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form_data_parser_class: type[FormDataParser] = FormDataParser
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#: The WSGI environment containing HTTP headers and information from
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#: the WSGI server.
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environ: WSGIEnvironment
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#: Set when creating the request object. If ``True``, reading from
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#: the request body will cause a ``RuntimeException``. Useful to
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#: prevent modifying the stream from middleware.
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shallow: bool
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def __init__(
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self,
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environ: WSGIEnvironment,
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populate_request: bool = True,
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shallow: bool = False,
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) -> None:
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super().__init__(
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method=environ.get("REQUEST_METHOD", "GET"),
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scheme=environ.get("wsgi.url_scheme", "http"),
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server=_get_server(environ),
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root_path=_wsgi_decoding_dance(environ.get("SCRIPT_NAME") or ""),
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path=_wsgi_decoding_dance(environ.get("PATH_INFO") or ""),
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query_string=environ.get("QUERY_STRING", "").encode("latin1"),
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headers=EnvironHeaders(environ),
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remote_addr=environ.get("REMOTE_ADDR"),
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)
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self.environ = environ
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self.shallow = shallow
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if populate_request and not shallow:
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self.environ["werkzeug.request"] = self
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@classmethod
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def from_values(cls, *args: t.Any, **kwargs: t.Any) -> Request:
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"""Create a new request object based on the values provided. If
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environ is given missing values are filled from there. This method is
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useful for small scripts when you need to simulate a request from an URL.
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Do not use this method for unittesting, there is a full featured client
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object (:class:`Client`) that allows to create multipart requests,
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support for cookies etc.
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This accepts the same options as the
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:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.5
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This method now accepts the same arguments as
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:class:`~werkzeug.test.EnvironBuilder`. Because of this the
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`environ` parameter is now called `environ_overrides`.
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:return: request object
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"""
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from ..test import EnvironBuilder
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kwargs.setdefault(
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"charset", cls.charset if not isinstance(cls.charset, property) else None
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)
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builder = EnvironBuilder(*args, **kwargs)
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try:
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return builder.get_request(cls)
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finally:
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builder.close()
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@classmethod
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def application(cls, f: t.Callable[[Request], WSGIApplication]) -> WSGIApplication:
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"""Decorate a function as responder that accepts the request as
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the last argument. This works like the :func:`responder`
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decorator but the function is passed the request object as the
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last argument and the request object will be closed
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automatically::
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@Request.application
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def my_wsgi_app(request):
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return Response('Hello World!')
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As of Werkzeug 0.14 HTTP exceptions are automatically caught and
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converted to responses instead of failing.
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:param f: the WSGI callable to decorate
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:return: a new WSGI callable
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"""
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#: return a callable that wraps the -2nd argument with the request
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#: and calls the function with all the arguments up to that one and
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#: the request. The return value is then called with the latest
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#: two arguments. This makes it possible to use this decorator for
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#: both standalone WSGI functions as well as bound methods and
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#: partially applied functions.
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from ..exceptions import HTTPException
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@functools.wraps(f)
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def application(*args): # type: ignore
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request = cls(args[-2])
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with request:
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try:
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resp = f(*args[:-2] + (request,))
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except HTTPException as e:
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resp = e.get_response(args[-2])
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return resp(*args[-2:])
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return t.cast("WSGIApplication", application)
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def _get_file_stream(
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self,
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total_content_length: int | None,
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content_type: str | None,
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filename: str | None = None,
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content_length: int | None = None,
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) -> t.IO[bytes]:
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"""Called to get a stream for the file upload.
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This must provide a file-like class with `read()`, `readline()`
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and `seek()` methods that is both writeable and readable.
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The default implementation returns a temporary file if the total
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content length is higher than 500KB. Because many browsers do not
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provide a content length for the files only the total content
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length matters.
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:param total_content_length: the total content length of all the
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data in the request combined. This value
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is guaranteed to be there.
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:param content_type: the mimetype of the uploaded file.
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:param filename: the filename of the uploaded file. May be `None`.
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:param content_length: the length of this file. This value is usually
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not provided because webbrowsers do not provide
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this value.
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"""
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return default_stream_factory(
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total_content_length=total_content_length,
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filename=filename,
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content_type=content_type,
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content_length=content_length,
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)
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@property
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def want_form_data_parsed(self) -> bool:
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"""``True`` if the request method carries content. By default
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this is true if a ``Content-Type`` is sent.
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.. versionadded:: 0.8
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"""
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return bool(self.environ.get("CONTENT_TYPE"))
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def make_form_data_parser(self) -> FormDataParser:
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"""Creates the form data parser. Instantiates the
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:attr:`form_data_parser_class` with some parameters.
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.. versionadded:: 0.8
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"""
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charset = self._charset if self._charset != "utf-8" else None
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errors = self._encoding_errors if self._encoding_errors != "replace" else None
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return self.form_data_parser_class(
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stream_factory=self._get_file_stream,
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charset=charset,
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errors=errors,
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max_form_memory_size=self.max_form_memory_size,
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max_content_length=self.max_content_length,
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max_form_parts=self.max_form_parts,
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cls=self.parameter_storage_class,
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)
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def _load_form_data(self) -> None:
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"""Method used internally to retrieve submitted data. After calling
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this sets `form` and `files` on the request object to multi dicts
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filled with the incoming form data. As a matter of fact the input
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stream will be empty afterwards. You can also call this method to
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force the parsing of the form data.
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.. versionadded:: 0.8
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"""
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# abort early if we have already consumed the stream
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if "form" in self.__dict__:
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return
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if self.want_form_data_parsed:
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parser = self.make_form_data_parser()
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data = parser.parse(
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self._get_stream_for_parsing(),
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self.mimetype,
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self.content_length,
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self.mimetype_params,
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)
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else:
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data = (
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self.stream,
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self.parameter_storage_class(),
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self.parameter_storage_class(),
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)
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# inject the values into the instance dict so that we bypass
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# our cached_property non-data descriptor.
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d = self.__dict__
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d["stream"], d["form"], d["files"] = data
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def _get_stream_for_parsing(self) -> t.IO[bytes]:
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"""This is the same as accessing :attr:`stream` with the difference
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that if it finds cached data from calling :meth:`get_data` first it
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will create a new stream out of the cached data.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9.3
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"""
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cached_data = getattr(self, "_cached_data", None)
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if cached_data is not None:
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return BytesIO(cached_data)
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return self.stream
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def close(self) -> None:
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"""Closes associated resources of this request object. This
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closes all file handles explicitly. You can also use the request
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object in a with statement which will automatically close it.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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"""
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files = self.__dict__.get("files")
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for _key, value in iter_multi_items(files or ()):
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value.close()
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def __enter__(self) -> Request:
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return self
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def __exit__(self, exc_type, exc_value, tb) -> None: # type: ignore
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self.close()
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@cached_property
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def stream(self) -> t.IO[bytes]:
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"""The WSGI input stream, with safety checks. This stream can only be consumed
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once.
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Use :meth:`get_data` to get the full data as bytes or text. The :attr:`data`
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attribute will contain the full bytes only if they do not represent form data.
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The :attr:`form` attribute will contain the parsed form data in that case.
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Unlike :attr:`input_stream`, this stream guards against infinite streams or
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reading past :attr:`content_length` or :attr:`max_content_length`.
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If ``max_content_length`` is set, it can be enforced on streams if
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``wsgi.input_terminated`` is set. Otherwise, an empty stream is returned.
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If the limit is reached before the underlying stream is exhausted (such as a
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file that is too large, or an infinite stream), the remaining contents of the
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stream cannot be read safely. Depending on how the server handles this, clients
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may show a "connection reset" failure instead of seeing the 413 response.
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.. versionchanged:: 2.3
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Check ``max_content_length`` preemptively and while reading.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.9
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The stream is always set (but may be consumed) even if form parsing was
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accessed first.
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"""
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if self.shallow:
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raise RuntimeError(
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"This request was created with 'shallow=True', reading"
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" from the input stream is disabled."
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)
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return get_input_stream(
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self.environ, max_content_length=self.max_content_length
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)
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input_stream = environ_property[t.IO[bytes]](
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"wsgi.input",
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doc="""The raw WSGI input stream, without any safety checks.
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This is dangerous to use. It does not guard against infinite streams or reading
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past :attr:`content_length` or :attr:`max_content_length`.
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Use :attr:`stream` instead.
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""",
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)
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@cached_property
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def data(self) -> bytes:
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"""The raw data read from :attr:`stream`. Will be empty if the request
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represents form data.
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To get the raw data even if it represents form data, use :meth:`get_data`.
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"""
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return self.get_data(parse_form_data=True)
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@t.overload
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def get_data( # type: ignore
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self,
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cache: bool = True,
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as_text: t.Literal[False] = False,
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parse_form_data: bool = False,
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) -> bytes:
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...
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@t.overload
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def get_data(
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self,
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cache: bool = True,
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as_text: t.Literal[True] = ...,
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parse_form_data: bool = False,
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) -> str:
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...
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def get_data(
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self, cache: bool = True, as_text: bool = False, parse_form_data: bool = False
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) -> bytes | str:
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"""This reads the buffered incoming data from the client into one
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bytes object. By default this is cached but that behavior can be
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changed by setting `cache` to `False`.
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Usually it's a bad idea to call this method without checking the
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content length first as a client could send dozens of megabytes or more
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to cause memory problems on the server.
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Note that if the form data was already parsed this method will not
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return anything as form data parsing does not cache the data like
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this method does. To implicitly invoke form data parsing function
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set `parse_form_data` to `True`. When this is done the return value
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of this method will be an empty string if the form parser handles
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the data. This generally is not necessary as if the whole data is
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cached (which is the default) the form parser will used the cached
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data to parse the form data. Please be generally aware of checking
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the content length first in any case before calling this method
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to avoid exhausting server memory.
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If `as_text` is set to `True` the return value will be a decoded
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string.
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.. versionadded:: 0.9
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"""
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rv = getattr(self, "_cached_data", None)
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if rv is None:
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if parse_form_data:
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self._load_form_data()
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rv = self.stream.read()
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if cache:
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self._cached_data = rv
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if as_text:
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rv = rv.decode(self._charset, self._encoding_errors)
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return rv
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@cached_property
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def form(self) -> ImmutableMultiDict[str, str]:
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"""The form parameters. By default an
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:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.ImmutableMultiDict`
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is returned from this function. This can be changed by setting
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:attr:`parameter_storage_class` to a different type. This might
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be necessary if the order of the form data is important.
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Please keep in mind that file uploads will not end up here, but instead
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in the :attr:`files` attribute.
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.. versionchanged:: 0.9
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Previous to Werkzeug 0.9 this would only contain form data for POST
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and PUT requests.
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"""
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self._load_form_data()
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return self.form
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@cached_property
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def values(self) -> CombinedMultiDict[str, str]:
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"""A :class:`werkzeug.datastructures.CombinedMultiDict` that
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combines :attr:`args` and :attr:`form`.
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For GET requests, only ``args`` are present, not ``form``.
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.. versionchanged:: 2.0
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For GET requests, only ``args`` are present, not ``form``.
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"""
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sources = [self.args]
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if self.method != "GET":
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# GET requests can have a body, and some caching proxies
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# might not treat that differently than a normal GET
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# request, allowing form data to "invisibly" affect the
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# cache without indication in the query string / URL.
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sources.append(self.form)
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args = []
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for d in sources:
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if not isinstance(d, MultiDict):
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d = MultiDict(d)
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args.append(d)
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return CombinedMultiDict(args)
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@cached_property
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def files(self) -> ImmutableMultiDict[str, FileStorage]:
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""":class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict` object containing
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all uploaded files. Each key in :attr:`files` is the name from the
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``<input type="file" name="">``. Each value in :attr:`files` is a
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Werkzeug :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage` object.
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It basically behaves like a standard file object you know from Python,
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with the difference that it also has a
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:meth:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage.save` function that can
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store the file on the filesystem.
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Note that :attr:`files` will only contain data if the request method was
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POST, PUT or PATCH and the ``<form>`` that posted to the request had
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``enctype="multipart/form-data"``. It will be empty otherwise.
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See the :class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.MultiDict` /
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:class:`~werkzeug.datastructures.FileStorage` documentation for
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more details about the used data structure.
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"""
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self._load_form_data()
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return self.files
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@property
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def script_root(self) -> str:
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"""Alias for :attr:`self.root_path`. ``environ["SCRIPT_ROOT"]``
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without a trailing slash.
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"""
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return self.root_path
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|
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@cached_property
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def url_root(self) -> str:
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"""Alias for :attr:`root_url`. The URL with scheme, host, and
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root path. For example, ``https://example.com/app/``.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.root_url
|
|
|
|
remote_user = environ_property[str](
|
|
"REMOTE_USER",
|
|
doc="""If the server supports user authentication, and the
|
|
script is protected, this attribute contains the username the
|
|
user has authenticated as.""",
|
|
)
|
|
is_multithread = environ_property[bool](
|
|
"wsgi.multithread",
|
|
doc="""boolean that is `True` if the application is served by a
|
|
multithreaded WSGI server.""",
|
|
)
|
|
is_multiprocess = environ_property[bool](
|
|
"wsgi.multiprocess",
|
|
doc="""boolean that is `True` if the application is served by a
|
|
WSGI server that spawns multiple processes.""",
|
|
)
|
|
is_run_once = environ_property[bool](
|
|
"wsgi.run_once",
|
|
doc="""boolean that is `True` if the application will be
|
|
executed only once in a process lifetime. This is the case for
|
|
CGI for example, but it's not guaranteed that the execution only
|
|
happens one time.""",
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
# JSON
|
|
|
|
#: A module or other object that has ``dumps`` and ``loads``
|
|
#: functions that match the API of the built-in :mod:`json` module.
|
|
json_module = json
|
|
|
|
@property
|
|
def json(self) -> t.Any | None:
|
|
"""The parsed JSON data if :attr:`mimetype` indicates JSON
|
|
(:mimetype:`application/json`, see :attr:`is_json`).
|
|
|
|
Calls :meth:`get_json` with default arguments.
|
|
|
|
If the request content type is not ``application/json``, this
|
|
will raise a 415 Unsupported Media Type error.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
|
|
Raise a 415 error instead of 400.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
|
|
Raise a 400 error if the content type is incorrect.
|
|
"""
|
|
return self.get_json()
|
|
|
|
# Cached values for ``(silent=False, silent=True)``. Initialized
|
|
# with sentinel values.
|
|
_cached_json: tuple[t.Any, t.Any] = (Ellipsis, Ellipsis)
|
|
|
|
@t.overload
|
|
def get_json(
|
|
self, force: bool = ..., silent: t.Literal[False] = ..., cache: bool = ...
|
|
) -> t.Any:
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
@t.overload
|
|
def get_json(
|
|
self, force: bool = ..., silent: bool = ..., cache: bool = ...
|
|
) -> t.Any | None:
|
|
...
|
|
|
|
def get_json(
|
|
self, force: bool = False, silent: bool = False, cache: bool = True
|
|
) -> t.Any | None:
|
|
"""Parse :attr:`data` as JSON.
|
|
|
|
If the mimetype does not indicate JSON
|
|
(:mimetype:`application/json`, see :attr:`is_json`), or parsing
|
|
fails, :meth:`on_json_loading_failed` is called and
|
|
its return value is used as the return value. By default this
|
|
raises a 415 Unsupported Media Type resp.
|
|
|
|
:param force: Ignore the mimetype and always try to parse JSON.
|
|
:param silent: Silence mimetype and parsing errors, and
|
|
return ``None`` instead.
|
|
:param cache: Store the parsed JSON to return for subsequent
|
|
calls.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
|
|
Raise a 415 error instead of 400.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.1
|
|
Raise a 400 error if the content type is incorrect.
|
|
"""
|
|
if cache and self._cached_json[silent] is not Ellipsis:
|
|
return self._cached_json[silent]
|
|
|
|
if not (force or self.is_json):
|
|
if not silent:
|
|
return self.on_json_loading_failed(None)
|
|
else:
|
|
return None
|
|
|
|
data = self.get_data(cache=cache)
|
|
|
|
try:
|
|
rv = self.json_module.loads(data)
|
|
except ValueError as e:
|
|
if silent:
|
|
rv = None
|
|
|
|
if cache:
|
|
normal_rv, _ = self._cached_json
|
|
self._cached_json = (normal_rv, rv)
|
|
else:
|
|
rv = self.on_json_loading_failed(e)
|
|
|
|
if cache:
|
|
_, silent_rv = self._cached_json
|
|
self._cached_json = (rv, silent_rv)
|
|
else:
|
|
if cache:
|
|
self._cached_json = (rv, rv)
|
|
|
|
return rv
|
|
|
|
def on_json_loading_failed(self, e: ValueError | None) -> t.Any:
|
|
"""Called if :meth:`get_json` fails and isn't silenced.
|
|
|
|
If this method returns a value, it is used as the return value
|
|
for :meth:`get_json`. The default implementation raises
|
|
:exc:`~werkzeug.exceptions.BadRequest`.
|
|
|
|
:param e: If parsing failed, this is the exception. It will be
|
|
``None`` if the content type wasn't ``application/json``.
|
|
|
|
.. versionchanged:: 2.3
|
|
Raise a 415 error instead of 400.
|
|
"""
|
|
if e is not None:
|
|
raise BadRequest(f"Failed to decode JSON object: {e}")
|
|
|
|
raise UnsupportedMediaType(
|
|
"Did not attempt to load JSON data because the request"
|
|
" Content-Type was not 'application/json'."
|
|
)
|